Overview of Animal Kingdom

Major Group and Phyla	Body Plan	Key Characteristics
Parazoa Porifera (sponges)	Assymetrical; cell loosely arranged;body is sacs with pores,central cavity and osculum	Choanocytes (collar cells), aquatic mainly marine
Radiata Cnidaria (hydras,jellyfish,corals) Ctenphora (comb jellies)	Radial symmetry, diploblastic; rgastrovascular cavity with one opening Biradial symmetry; diploblastic; gastrovascular cavity with mouth and anal pores	Tentacles with cnidocytes (stinging cell) that discharge nematocysts; 2 body forms; polyp and medusa; Some from colonies; mainly marine Eight rows of cilia that resembles combs; tentacles with adhesive glue cells; marine predators
Protosomes : Lophotrochozoan Branch Platyhelminthes (flatworms,flukes,planarians,tapeworms Nemertea (proboscis worm) Mollusca (clams,snails,squids) Annelida (some marine worm, earthworms,leeches) Lophoporates (brachiopods,phoronids,bryozoans) Rotifera (wheels animals)	Bilateral symmetry; tripoblastic; simple organ systems; gastrovascular cavity with one opening	No body cavity; some cephalization; some are free-living carnivores; many are parasites Proboscis (long, muscular tube that can be everted to capture prey); only coelomate space is rhynchocoel surrounding proboscis; mainly marine carnivores Soft body usually covered by dorsal shell; flat, muscular foot; mantle covers visceral mass; most have a radula (belt of teeth) Segmented body; most have satea, bristles that provide traction during crawling Lophophore (ciliated ring of tentancles) surround mouth, captures suspended particles in water; mainly sessile,marine animals Crawn of cilia at anterior end; cell number constant,microscopic, mainly sessile, aquatic animals
	Bilateral symmetry; tripoblastic; simple organ system; complete digestive tube
Protostomes : Ecdysozoan Branch Nermatoda (roundworms eg Ascaris, hookworm, trichina worms) Arthropoda (centipedes,spiders,crabs,lobsters,insects)	Bilateral symmetry; tripoblastic; simple organ system; complete digestive tube	Cylindrical, threadlike body; pseudocoelam; widely distributed in soil and aquatic sediments; important as decomposers; many are predators; some are parasites Segmented body; exoskeleton; paired, jointed appendages; insects have tracheal tubes for exchange
Deuterostomes Echinodermata (sea stars,sea urchins; sand dollars) Hemichordata (acorn worms) Chordata (tunucates,lancelets,vebrates)	Larva bilateral, ciliated; adult pentaradial; tripoblastic; organ systems, complete digestive tube	Endoskeleton with spines; water vascular system functions in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange; tube feet; marine Ring of cilia surround mouth; three-part body; proboscis, collar, and trunk; wormlike marine Notochord; dorsal, tubular nerve cord; pharyngeal, slits during some time in life cycle; potanal tail; segmented body
	Bilateral symmetry, tripoblastic; organ systems; complete digestive tube